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(c) on  the  same  post  as,  but  1.5  meters  to  2  meters  below  the  Last  Stop
                             Signal of a station in rear.

                         (d) Warner Signal below a Stop Signal: When the Warner Signal is placed
                             below a Stop Signal, the variable light of the Stop Signal shall take the
                             place of the fixed green light of the Warner Signal and the arrangements
                             shall be such that the Warner Signal cannot be taken 'OFF' while the Stop
                             signal above it is 'ON'.

                12.5.5  Stop Signals

                         (a) Semaphore arm: The Semaphore arm of a Stop Signal shall be square
                             ended. The front of the arm shall be red with a white bar. The back of the
                             arm shall be white with a black band. The bars shall be parallel to the end
                             of the arm.

                         (b) Day  and  night  indications:  By  day  the  arm  of  a  Stop  Signal  shall  be
                             horizontal in the 'ON' position and 45° to 60° below the horizontal in the
                             'OFF'  position.  By  night,  the  signal  shall  display  a  red  light  in  the  'ON'
                             position and a green light in the 'OFF' position.

                12.5.6  Location ofStop Signals

                         (a) Outer  Signals:  The  outer  signal  where  provided  or  the  Home  Signal,
                             where an outer Signal is not provided, shall be placed not less than 400
                             meters in rear of the Points up to which the line may be obstructed after
                             Line Clear has been given to the Station in rear.

                         (b) Home  Signals:  The  Home  Signal  shall  be  placed  in  rear  of  all
                             connections, if any, on the line to which it refers.

                         (c) Routing  Signal:  A  Routing  Signal  shall  be  placed  in  the  rear  of  the
                             Points, which it protects.

                         (d) Starter Signals


                             (i)  A starter Signal shall be placed at not less than 400 meters in advance
                                 of the Home Signal.

                             (ii) Where a Starter Signal is provided for each converging line, it shall be
                                 placed as to protect the adjacent running line or lines.

                             (iii) Where one starter Signal only is provided for two or more converging lines,
                                 it shall be placed outside the connections on the line to which it applies.

                         (e) Intermediate  Starter:  An  Intermediate  Starter  Signal  shall  be  placed
                             clear of fouling marks in rear of the points, if any, which it protects.

                         (f)  Advanced  Starter:  Unless  approved  under  special  instructions,  an
                             Advanced  Starter  Signal  shall  be  placed  outside  all  connections  on  the
                             line to which it applies. It shall be placed at not less than 180 meters from
                             the outermost point in the case of single line section. This distance shall
                             be reckoned from the starter in the case of double line section. On special
                             nominated sections, the portion between the fouling mark to block section
                             limit shall be track circuited when


                              Chapter 12: Installation, Testing & Maintenance of Mechanical Signalling Equipment   Page 241 of 535
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